History

A SHORT HISTORY OF CANADA

Anthropologists think that people first migrated over the land bridge from Asia.
They settled and became the different tribes and native culture in Canada.

1000	Lief Erikson reaches North America - Newfoundland
1492	Columbus discovers America
1497 - 1498	John Cabot sails to the New World from England. He claims the North American Coast
1534	Jacques Cartier's first voyage. He claims the land for France
1535	Jacques Cartier's voyage up the St. Lawrence River. He sees the Indian villages of Hochelaga (Montreal) and Stadacona (Quebec City)
1541	Cartier and Roberval try to develop a colony
	No settlement for more than 60 years, but Spain, Portugal, France, and England continue to fish off the Grand Banks around Newfoundland
1584	Sir Humphrey Gilbert claims Newfoundland for Queen Elizabeth 1

1605	French colonists settle in Acadia
1607	The English establish Virginia as a colony
1608	Champlain establishes the colony of New France (Quebec) with the help of French missionaries
1609 - 1610	Henry Hudson sails the Hudson River and into Hudson Bay. His crew mutinied and set him adrift in Hudson Bay
1617	The first farmer in New France - Louis Hebert
1642	The Jesuits establish Montreal. This explains the importance of the Roman Catholic church in the history of New France (Quebec)
	The French (La Salle and others ) explore the Mississippi River as far as New Orleans
1689	War between France and England off and on for almost 100 years. It ended in the Seven Years War and gave England control over North America
1690	Henry Kelsey and La Verandrye explore the west. Laverandrye comes to the Red and Assiniboine River in 1738 and travelled to The Pas in 1749

During this period of exploration, control of North America was as follows

SPAIN	FLORIDA AND MEXICO
ENGLAND	HUDSON BAY, NEWFOUNDLAND AND THE 13 COLONIES
FRANCE	ACADIA AND QUEBEC

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1713

After a war between England and France, England gets Acadia

1755

The British expel the Acadians to the 13 colonies. The Acadians refuse to give an Oath of Allegiance to the British

1756 - 1763

The Seven Years War. Canada is under British control and becomes a colony as part of the British North America Act

1774

The British create the Quebec Act. It allows the French the right to their own language, religion and their Civil Law. The British want the loyalty of the French in case of war with the 13 Colonies ( The United States)

There was fighting between the two trading companies during this time. The Hudson Bay Company and The Northwest Company.

1778

Captain Cook and Vancouver ( 1792) explore the west coast of Canada

1800 - 1850

A time of pioneer expansion. The Selkirk Settlers come to Manitoba in 1811

1812 - 1814

There is war between Canada and The United States over boundary lines and the desire of the US to gain more territory

1837

There are rebellions in Canada. There is a desire for responsible government and to be self-governing

1867

Canada becomes a country with The British North America Act

1870

Manitoba becomes a province. Most of the residents are French speaking and Metis

The Riel Rebellion and the execution of Louis Riel

1885

The first wave of immigration to Canada. Mainly from Eastern and Western Europe

1889

The Gold Rush begins in The Yukon

1897 - 1914
Immigration to Canada
The third wave of immigration 1,000,000 from the USA1,000,000 from Britain1,000,000 from Eastern Europe

The first wave of immigration was from 1660 - 1670, from the 13 Colonies
The second wave of immigration was in the 1780's,The United Empire Loyalists

1914 - 1918

World War 1

1939 - 1945

World War 2

1950 - 1953

Korean Conflict

1946

The creation of The Citizenship Act. Before 1946 Canadians were British Subjects

1959

St. Lawrence Seaway opens

1964

Canada gets her own flag

1970

The development of a multicultural policy in Canada

1982

Repatriation of the Constitution. The Charter of Rights and Freedoms

1968 - 1976

The creation of The Bloc Quebecois - Lucien Bouchard's mandate

1990

The Bloc people could vote for it

1980

The 1st Quebec Referendum: 40% = yes

1987

Trying to get Quebec to come to the table vis a vis. Meech Lake

1992

The Charlottetown Accord made changes to the Constitution

1995

The 2nd Quebec Referendum

49.4% = yes 50.6% = no

93% of the people voted

.

INTERESTING NOTES

Quebec means "The Fortress"

Canada means "A collection of huts" or "A Village"

Cartier was the first European to hear these Indian/Native words

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1713	After a war between England and France, England gets Acadia
1755	The British expel the Acadians to the 13 colonies. The Acadians refuse to give an Oath of Allegiance to the British
1756 - 1763	The Seven Years War. Canada is under British control and becomes a colony as part of the British North America Act
1774	The British create the Quebec Act. It allows the French the right to their own language, religion and their Civil Law. The British want the loyalty of the French in case of war with the 13 Colonies ( The United States)
	There was fighting between the two trading companies during this time. The Hudson Bay Company and The Northwest Company.
1778	Captain Cook and Vancouver ( 1792) explore the west coast of Canada

1800 - 1850	A time of pioneer expansion. The Selkirk Settlers come to Manitoba in 1811
1812 - 1814	There is war between Canada and The United States over boundary lines and the desire of the US to gain more territory
1837	There are rebellions in Canada. There is a desire for responsible government and to be self-governing
1867	Canada becomes a country with The British North America Act
1870	Manitoba becomes a province. Most of the residents are French speaking and Metis
	The Riel Rebellion and the execution of Louis Riel
1885	The first wave of immigration to Canada. Mainly from Eastern and Western Europe
1889	The Gold Rush begins in The Yukon
1897 - 1914	Immigration to Canada The third wave of immigration 1,000,000 from the USA1,000,000 from Britain1,000,000 from Eastern Europe The first wave of immigration was from 1660 - 1670, from the 13 Colonies The second wave of immigration was in the 1780's,The United Empire Loyalists

1914 - 1918	World War 1
1939 - 1945	World War 2
1950 - 1953	Korean Conflict

1946	The creation of The Citizenship Act. Before 1946 Canadians were British Subjects
1959	St. Lawrence Seaway opens
1964	Canada gets her own flag
1970	The development of a multicultural policy in Canada
1982	Repatriation of the Constitution. The Charter of Rights and Freedoms
1968 - 1976	The creation of The Bloc Quebecois - Lucien Bouchard's mandate
1990	The Bloc people could vote for it
1980	The 1st Quebec Referendum: 40% = yes
1987	Trying to get Quebec to come to the table vis a vis. Meech Lake
1992	The Charlottetown Accord made changes to the Constitution
1995	The 2nd Quebec Referendum 49.4% = yes 50.6% = no 93% of the people voted .